New York Building Benchmarking Local Law 84 Explained

Submission deadline May 1st, 2025
The by-law concerning greenhouse gas emission disclosures and ratings of large buildings came into force in 2009 and gradually have requested smaller buildings to declare. New buildings are added yearly to the submission database.
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Affected Buildings

Buildings over 25,000 sqft

Deadline

May 1st, 2025

Fines

Up to $2,000 /building

The Local Law 84 (LL84) by-law is designed to reduce emissions by requiring property owners to disclose their energy performance. The goal is to benchmark all buildings and take action on non efficient ones in the future.

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Local Law 84 lays the groundwork by benchmarking building performance, while Local Law 97 enforces action by mandating emissions reductions. Together, they work toward NYC’s climate goals, including achieving carbon neutrality by 2050.

Local Law 84

Ground work to benchmark all buildings over 25k sqft, and set the CO2 threshold

Local Law 97

Using LL84 reports, the city can sanction retrofit actions for non efficient buildings

What's the cost of non-compliance?

Fines could range from $2,000 to $1,000,000+

Local Law 97 Fines Explained

Buildings in NYC over 25,000 sq. ft. must meet strict carbon emissions limits starting in 2024. If a building exceeds its limit, fines are calculated based on the excess emissions: $268 per metric ton of CO2e over the allowable threshold.

Example

For example, if a building surpasses its emissions limit by 200 metric tons, the fine would be $53,600 annually.

Total Fine

LL84: Up to $2,000 for not submitting

LL97: depending on your building inefficiency, $50k to a few million.

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